KCC estimates the impacts of Winter Storm Fern with the high-resolution KCC US Winter Storm Model.

KCC estimates the impacts of Hurricane Melissa using the high-resolution KCC Caribbean Hurricane Model.

KCC's newest white paper explores why hurricane landfall location is the most critical determinant of insured losses for the industry as a whole as well as for individual companies. With KCC models and unique CE risk metrics, (re)insurers have a complete and comprehensive view of hurricane risk.

It’s become essential for (re)insurers to anticipate and quantify the impacts of climate change on their property books of business. This white paper addresses the current scientific consensus on climate change and its past and likely future impacts on insured property losses from wildfires, hurricanes, floods, winter storms, and severe convective storms. Learn what (re)insurers can expect in the coming decades.

There’s no question that wildfire losses are increasing—the question is whether this is a threat or an opportunity for (re)insurers. Thiswhite paper demonstrates how large loss-producing fires happen and where they are likely to occur in the future. While the losses from the recent LA wildfires were unprecedented, the conditions that led to these losses were not. The paper illustrates how insurers can be prepared for the frequency and severity of future losses well in advance.

KCC estimates the impacts of the Palisades and Eaton Fires using the high-resolution US Wildfire Reference Model.

KCC estimates the impacts of Hurricane Milton using its high-resolution US Hurricane Reference Model.

KCC estimates the impacts of Hurricane Francine using its high-resolution US Hurricane Reference Model.

KCC estimates the impacts of Hurricane Francine using its high-resolution hurricane reference model.

KCC estimates the impacts of Hurricane Debby using its high-resolution hurricane reference models.

This white paper addresses why 2023 was an active year for SCS, how much of the activity was due to climate change versus cyclical factors, how frequently insurers should expect this type of season in the future, and how insurers can better prepare for future SCS activity and losses with scientifically advanced and proven-accurate modeling technology.

KCC estimates the impacts of Hurricane Beryl using its high-resolution hurricane reference models.

This white paper explores the differences between catastrophe models and climate models and delves into the ways in which climate models can complement the catastrophe models to assess and manage extreme event risk.

KCC estimates the impacts of the 2024 M7.5 Japan Earthquake using the high-resolution KCC Japan Earthquake Model.

KCC explores the intricacies of homeowners insurance premiums in Florida, delving into the scientific nuances of catastrophe risk modeling and explaining why premiums may remain elevated.

KCC estimates the impacts of Hurricane Idalia using its high-resolution hurricane reference models.

KCC estimates the impacts of Hurricane Hilary using its high-resolution hurricane reference models.

KCC estimates the impacts of the Lahaina Fire using the high-resolution KCC US Wildfire Reference Model.

This white paper considers the causes of ARs in California, the frequency and timing of ARs, the reasons the 2022-2023 winter season was so severe, and the potential impacts of the recent winter season on the wildfire season of 2023.

KCC estimates the impacts of the June 10-19 Interstate Hail and Wind Outbreak using the high-resolution KCC SCS Model.

This white paper shares insights from the 2022 season and the findings of the two comprehensive damage surveys conducted by KCC scientists and engineers following Hurricane Ian.

KCC estimates the impacts of the M7.8 and M7.5 Turkey Earthquakes using the high-resolution KCC Earthquake Model.

KCC estimates the impacts of Winter Storm Elliott using the high-resolution KCC Winter Storm Model.

A year after Hurricane Ida made landfall, KCC explains why the industry over-estimated losses for Hurricane Ida.

KCC estimates the impacts of Hurricane Ian using the high-resolution US Hurricane Reference Model.

KCC estimates the impacts of the Marshall Fire using the high-resolution KCC US Wildfire Model.

KCC estimates the impacts of the December 2021 Tornado Outbreak / Quad-State Tornado using the high-resolution KCC SCS Model.

This white paper discusses the impact of climate change on hurricanes and quantifies what this means for insured wind losses.

KCC estimates the impacts of Hurricane Nicholas using the high-resolution US Hurricane Reference Model.

KCC estimates the impacts of the 2021 M7.0 Mexico Earthquake using the high-resolution KCC Mexico Earthquake Model.

KCC estimates the impacts of Hurricane Ida using the high-resolution KCC Caribbean and US Hurricane Reference Models.

KCC estimates the impacts of Hurricane Grace using the high-resolution KCC Caribbean and Mexico Hurricane Reference Models.

KCC estimates the impacts of Hurricane Henri using the high-resolution KCC US Hurricane Reference Model.

KCC estimates the impacts of Tropical Storm Fred using the high-resolution KCC Caribbean and US Hurricane Reference Models.

KCC discusses the highlights of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) released on August 9, 2021.

KCC estimates the impacts of the 2021 M7.2 Haiti Earthquake using the high-resolution KCC Caribbean Earthquake Model.

KCC estimates the impacts of Hurricane Elsa in the US and Caribbean using the high-resolution KCC US and Caribbean Hurricane Reference Models.

This white paper discusses the 2020 hurricane season that broke records for the number of named storms that formed in the Atlantic and made landfall in the US.

KCC estimates the losses from Hurricane Zeta in the US and Mexico based on the high-resolution KCC US and Mexico Hurricane Models.

KCC estimates the losses from Hurricane Delta in the US and Mexico based on the high-resolution KCC US and Mexico Hurricane Models.

KCC estimates the losses from Hurricane Sally in the US based on the high-resolution KCC US Hurricane Model.

KCC estimates the losses from Hurricane Laura in the Caribbean and US based on the high-resolution KCC US and Caribbean Hurricane Reference Models.

KCC estimates the losses from Hurricane Isaias in the Caribbean and US based on the high-resolution KCC US and Caribbean Hurricane Reference Models.

KCC estimates the losses from of Hurricane Hanna in the US based on the high-resolution KCC US Hurricane Reference Model.

KCC estimates the losses from Tropical Storm Fay in the US based on the high-resolution KCC US Hurricane Model.

KCC estimates the losses from Tropical Storm Cristobal in the US using the high-resolution KCC US Hurricane Model.

Forecasters are in agreement that 2020 will be an above average hurricane season. The coronavirus pandemic will influence hurricane preparedness and response and will likely impact hurricane losses if there are landfalling events. This Event Brief examines potential impacts in three areas: preparation, claims adjusting, and reconstruction.

Belgium has had more deaths per capita than any other country and two and a half times as many deaths per million as Sweden. Yet Belgium has instituted strict lockdown orders while Sweden did not. This Event Brief looks at data from the two countries to compare the relative effectiveness of different pandemic responses.

The US is now more than two months into the Coronavirus crisis and much is being learned from the data collected by the Centers for Disease Control and state health departments. This Event Brief shares insights from KCC analyses of the available data on deaths and hospitalizations resulting from COVID-19.

Typhoon Jebi caused the highest insured losses from a typhoon in the Asia-Pacific region. This white paper examines the meteorological and historical context of this event, shares the results of a KCC post-event survey, and discusses the frequency and severity of tropical cyclones in Japan based on the KCC Japan Typhoon Reference Model.

KCC estimates the privately insured losses from Hurricane Barry in the US based on the high-resolution KCC US Hurricane Model.

KCC estimates the insures losses from Hurricane Michael based on the high-resolution KCC US Hurricane Model.

KCC estimates the insured losses from Hurricane Florence based on the high-resolution KCC Hurricane Model.

KCC estimates the privately insured losses for the June 6, 2018 hailstorm that impacted Dallas, Tarrant, and Denton counties, based on the high-resolution KCC SCS Model.

The 2017 Hurricane season brought multiple major hurricanes to the US and Caribbean. Before, during, and after landfall, KCC monitored storms for potential impacts and provided industry loss estimates based on the KCC high-resolution hurricane reference model.

Based on the high-resolution KCC US Hurricane Reference Model, KCC has estimated insured loss from Hurricane Alberto.

Based on the high-resolution KCC US Severe Convective Storm (SCS) Reference Model, KCC has estimated insured losses from a May 11-16 event.

Over the past several years, insurers have experienced increasingly large losses from severe convective storms (SCS). KCC scientists have examined potential factors contributing to this increase, including long-term climate change and cyclical factors.

KCC estimates the insured losses in the US from Hurricane Nate based on the high-resolution KCC US Hurricane Model.

KCC estimates the insured losses from Hurricane Maria in the Caribbean based on the high-resolution KCC Caribbean Hurricane Model.

KCC estimates the insured losses from Hurricane Irma based on the high-resolution KCC Caribbean and US Hurricane Models

Based on the high-resolution KCC US Hurricane Reference Model, KCC has estimated insured loss from Hurricane Harvey.

Based on the high-resolution KCC US Hurricane Reference Model, KCC has estimated insured loss from Hurricane Matthew in Florida.

Dr. Nozar Kishi contributed to "The 2016 Kumamoto Earthquakes: Cascading Geological Hazards and Compounding Risks," published in Frontiers in Built Environment, Volume 2.

Hurricane Patricia could have been a lot worse had it made landfall in a more populated region of Mexico. This report examines the impacts of a storm like Patricia making landfall in a densely populated area of the US.

Hurricane Katrina was a stark reminder that strong winds are only part of the story when it comes to hurricanes. Storm surge is impacted by many factors, and different cities are highly susceptible to significant storm surge inundation.

Investors need to be aware of short and long-term impacts of hurricanes on the catastrophe market. This paper provides context on climate change for investors.

Industry exposure has increased between 2012 and 2014 and correspondingly so has catastrophe loss potential. Characteristic Events (CEs) provide (re)insurers with a better understanding of location-level catastrophe loss potential.

KCC scientists and engineers conducted post-event damage survey following the 2014 South Napa Earthquake. This provided a unique opportunity to validate the KCC US Earthquake Reference Model.

Using the high-resolution KCC US Earthquake Reference Model, KCC scientists estimated the ground motion and insured loss for the 2014 La Habra Earthquake.

The Characteristic Event (CE) methodology provides transparent and intuitive information.

In any season, a major hurricane can cause a solvency-impairing loss to insurers and reinsurers. Characteristic Events (CEs) can be used as an additional risk metric to scientifically identify high-risk exposure concentrations.

While Superstorm Sandy was unusual, future storms can result in even more severe damage to the Northeastern US. On the anniversary of Superstorm Sandy, KCC provides insight into the vulnerability of the Northeastern US to coastal storms and storm surge flooding.

The Great New England Hurricane of 1938 was a deadly and devastating hurricane that made landfall in Bellport, Long Island. If the same event occurred today, the insured damages and economic losses could be larger than any other storm.

As property values increase across the US, there are more concentrated pockets of exposure, particularly in areas vulnerable to natural catastrophes. RiskInsight® open and transparent risk management platform includes a detailed industry exposure database that enables effective risk management.

KCC engineers completed a post disaster field survey of damage following Superstorm Sandy and collected key observations and insights.

Twenty-eight storms are expected to cause $10 billion or more of insured losses if they were to occur again today, and one is estimated to cause losses in excess of $100 billion.

KCC estimates the insured losses from Hurricane Isaac based on the high-resolution KCC US Hurricane Model.

Most insurance companies manage catastrophe risk at the 1 in 100 and 1 in 250 year return period losses. Characteristic Events (CEs) provide insurers with estimates of losses more directly tied to the scientific probability of events occurring.

KCC's most recent evaluation of near-term hurricane models includes a discussion of more transparent models and comparison of actual to modeled results. The Hurricane Frequency Paradox and hurricane activity of the first decade of the 21st century are also discussed.

The current report by KCC examines projected versus actual model losses for recent hurricanes and discusses why these comparisons are important for understanding model assumptions.